5.1.
- , : a new book - , a new house - , new houses - , a new building - .
, , . (noun determiner), , . , . , :
It was late autumn. | . | |
The weather was warm yet. | . | |
c | She lay motionless with her face towards the wall. | , - . |
I thought him very clever. | , . | |
The door was shut tight. | -. |
(qualitative) (relative).
() , : - square - , s mall - , solid - , white - , sweet - , heavy - ..
, , . : , wooden - , - rural - , - mathematical - , - medieval - .. very - .
:
1) , , : red - , long - , tall - ;
2) , : useful - , unreal - , international - ;
3) , , : red - hot - , double- edged - .
:
-ful | Peace - | Peaceful - |
c- |
- al | Centre - | Central - | |
- en | Wood - | Wooden - | |
- ic | Economy - | Economic | |
-ous | Mountain - | Mountainous - | |
-y | Dirt - | Dirty - | |
-ly | Day - | Daily - | |
-able | To move - | Movable - |
|
-ible | To sense - | Sensible - | |
-ant | To resist - | Resistant - | |
-ent | To depend - | Dependent - | |
-ive | To create - | Creative - | |
- less | Use - | Useless - | - / |
- ish | White - Dane | Whitish Danish - | - -.- |
- un - in. : unhappy - , incomplete - . - l - in - il, - r - ir, m, - p - im: illogical -, irregular - , immobile - , impossible- ..
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:
Non- | Elastic - | Non-elastic - |
Under- | Size - | Undersized - |
Inter- | Changeable - | Interchangeable - |
Over- | Laden - | Overladen - |
Post- | War - | Post- war - |
Pre- | War - | Pre- war - |
:
+ | Snow- white Life- long | |
+ | White- hot Dark- blue | |
+ | Sunburnt Ear-splitting | |
+ | Short-sighted everlasting |
- , :
I amsorry. - .
He looks sorry. - .
, . : , , .. . :
To be ready | Are you ready? | ? | |
To be busy1 | Is he still busy? | ? | |
To be glad | We are glad to meet you. | . | |
To be afraid (of) | He is afraid of dogs. | . | |
To feel well | He feels well. | . | |
To feel ill | She is ill. | . | |
To be tired1 | I am tired of music. | . | |
To be sure2 | Are you sure you are right? | ? |
5.2. (The Degrees of Com pari son)
, : , , .
- short | , - shorter | , the shortest |
useful | , more useful | / the most useful |
- difficult | less difficult | the least difficult |
bad | - worse | the worst |
- little | - less | the least |
, :
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1) - er est ();
2) more/ less most/ least ();
) . the.
.
( - er - est ) :
: tall taller the tallest; fat fatter the fattest. : like more like the most like; real - more real the most real;
, : happy happier the happiest; funny funnier the funniest.
, le, - ow, - er (: exact - more exact the most exact), common, handsome, pleasant, solid, quiet, wicked, cruel, stupid, tired , :
- gentle | More gentle/ gentler | The most gentle/ the gentlest |
- hollow | More hollow/ hollower | The most hollow/ the hollowest |
clever | More clever/ cleverer | The most clever/ the cleverest |
polite | More polite/ politer | The most polite/ the politest |
common | More common/ ommoner | The most common/the commonest |
.
, un - - , : unhappy - , unhappier/ more unhappy the unhappiest/ the most unhappy.
- er
- est :
- , - er - - : ripe riper the ripest;
, : big bigger the biggest; hot hotter the hottest; thin thinner the thinnest;
- , - - i -: dirty dirtier the dirtiest; busy busier the busiest; easy easier the easiest. - , - : gay gayer the gayest.
, , , r - , - the most - . : beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful, frequent more frequent the most frequent.
less - the least - . : able less able the least able; interesting less interesting the least interesting.
good, much, many, late, near, old, far :
- good | better | , the best | ||
bad | worse | , the worst | ||
little | less | the least | ||
old | , c older | , the oldest | ||
elder | the eldest | |||
- late | later | , ( ) the latest | ||
c ( ) latter | ( ), the last | |||
near |
nearer | , the nearest | ||
( ), the next | ||||
, - far | ( ) farther | ( ) the farthest | ||
, - ( ) further | the furthest |
far, old, near, late . farther/ the farthest :
We live in the farther side of the -
town. .
further/ the furthest : , ; . further, , , :
Here is a further example. - .
the eldest - - . elder - - :
My brother John is three years -
older (than I am). ( ).
, . older/ the oldest.
, .., last the.
We talked about that last -
Christmas. .
the last , , . :
I had flu last week. | . | , - |
I have had flu for the last week. | / . | 7 . |
Last year was hard. | . | |
The last year has been difficult. | / . | 12 . |
the last ( ):
In the last week of the holiday a - -
strange thing happened. .
That was the last Christmas I - , -
spent at home. .
the last three weeks - , the three last weeks .
latest , - . Last , . :
What do you think of his latest -
play? ?
I like it much better than his last - ,
one. .
Cymbeline was one of -
Shakespeares last plays. .
Have you heard the latest? - (
) ?
Jane s married! Oh, yes? - ! ?
The last I heard, she was going - , ,
to become a nun. .
, n arest. next , , - . :
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Excuse me. Where s the nearest - ,
telephone-box? ?
We get off at the next stop. -
.
Im looking forward to his next -
visit. .
When will we get our next pay -
rise? ?
, next nearest: next door - , ; next to nothing - , ; next of kin - .
, , .., , next the. , ext :
Goodbye! See you next week. - .
.
Will you be at the party next -
Tuesday? ?
Ill be abroad next Christmas. -
.
The next , , . :
Im going to Corsica next week. | . | , . |
Im going to be very busy for the next week. | . | , . |
Next year will be difficult. | . | , . |
The next year will be very difficult. | . | 12 , . |
The next , ( ):
We missed the train and had to - ,
wait 20 minutes for the next one.
() 20 .
Whens the next meeting? - ?
older (My brother John is three years older than I am), than - .
, - one (ones ). , , :
The new designs are much better -
the old ones. .
, that (those ):
The capital of the USA is less - -
industrialised than that of the UK. , -
.
The curtains in my room are -
prettier than those in the living- .
room.
, , . :
She is older than me. - .
( )
She is older than I am. - , .
( )
() , as as () ... , :
He is as brave as a lion. - , .
, th n - , not so as - ... :
She is prettier than her sister is. - ,
.
Her sister is not so pretty as -
she is. , .
, as as : half - ; twice - , time - , :
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half as much as - , ;
twice as much as - , ;
three times as long as - , .
:
The price of pure wool is several - -
times as high as that of nylon. .
as as . :
Helium is four times the mass of -
a proton. .
the the:
The older I am, the happier I get. - ,
.
The sooner you go away, the - , .
better.
The more you learn, the less you - ,
know. .
:
Im getting fatter and fatter. - .
Its getting more and more - .
interesting.
, more and more, . .
much - , , (by) far - , , still - , ever - , , :
Much more | Still (yet) colder | ||
Much less | Far better | ||
Much older | Ever closer | / | |
Far more useful | Still (yet) more important |
: very much, a lot, lots, any, a bit, a little, rather, no:
very much nicer - ;
a lot happier - ;
rather more quickly - ;
a little less expensive - e ;
a bit easier - ;
no better - ;
any more relaxed - -/ -
.
quite - quite better - - quite recovered (from an illness) - ( ).