1. : tc=;
2. : t=;
3. : Δt= tc─ t= =;
4. (. .2), φ: φ =;
5. : t.= tc, . 3 ρ0: ρ0=__________;
6. (2), ρ:
→ ;
7. ρ, .3 ─ : t= _______.
8. 1.
tc,0 | t,0 | Δt,0 | φ,% | ρ0, | ρ, | t,0 |
3. 1
4. . .
:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
. |
. |
2 |
16 |
1. ?
2. 100%?
:
.2
t, 0 | Δt=tc─ t, 0C ( ) | |||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
φ, % | ||||||||||||
0 | 100 | 81 | 63 | 45 | 28 | 11 | ||||||
1 | 100 | 83 | 65 | 48 | 32 | 16 | ||||||
2 | 100 | 84 | 68 | 51 | 35 | 20 | ||||||
3 | 100 | 84 | 69 | 54 | 39 | 24 | 10 | |||||
4 | 100 | 85 | 70 | 56 | 42 | 28 | 14 | |||||
5 | 100 | 86 | 72 | 58 | 45 | 32 | 19 | 6 | ||||
6 | 100 | 86 | 73 | 60 | 47 | 35 | 23 | 10 | ||||
7 | 100 | 87 | 74 | 61 | 49 | 37 | 26 | 14 | ||||
8 | 100 | 87 | 75 | 63 | 51 | 40 | 29 | 18 | 7 | |||
9 | 100 | 88 | 76 | 64 | 53 | 42 | 31 | 21 | 11 | |||
10 | 100 | 88 | 76 | 65 | 54 | 44 | 34 | 24 | 14 | 5 | ||
11 | 100 | 88 | 77 | 66 | 56 | 46 | 36 | 26 | 17 | 8 | ||
12 | 100 | 89 | 78 | 68 | 57 | 48 | 38 | 29 | 20 | 11 | ||
13 | 100 | 89 | 79 | 69 | 59 | 49 | 40 | 31 | 23 | 14 | 6 | |
14 | 100 | 89 | 79 | 70 | 60 | 51 | 42 | 34 | 25 | 17 | 9 | |
15 | 100 | 90 | 80 | 71 | 61 | 52 | 44 | 36 | 27 | 20 | 12 | 5 |
16 | 100 | 90 | 81 | 71 | 62 | 54 | 46 | 37 | 30 | 22 | 15 | 8 |
17 | 100 | 90 | 81 | 72 | 64 | 55 | 47 | 39 | 32 | 24 | 17 | 10 |
18 | 100 | 91 | 82 | 73 | 65 | 56 | 49 | 41 | 34 | 27 | 20 | 13 |
19 | 100 | 91 | 82 | 74 | 65 | 58 | 50 | 43 | 35 | 29 | 22 | 15 |
20 | 100 | 91 | 83 | 74 | 66 | 59 | 51 | 44 | 37 | 30 | 24 | 18 |
21 | 100 | 91 | 83 | 75 | 67 | 60 | 52 | 46 | 39 | 32 | 26 | 20 |
22 | 100 | 92 | 83 | 76 | 68 | 61 | 54 | 47 | 40 | 34 | 28 | 22 |
23 | 100 | 92 | 84 | 76 | 69 | 61 | 55 | 48 | 42 | 36 | 30 | 24 |
24 | 100 | 92 | 84 | 77 | 69 | 62 | 56 | 49 | 43 | 37 | 31 | 26 |
25 | 100 | 92 | 84 | 77 | 70 | 63 | 57 | 50 | 44 | 38 | 33 | 27 |
26 | 100 | 92 | 85 | 78 | 71 | 64 | 58 | 51 | 46 | 40 | 34 | 29 |
27 | 100 | 92 | 85 | 78 | 71 | 65 | 59 | 52 | 47 | 41 | 36 | 30 |
28 | 100 | 93 | 85 | 78 | 72 | 65 | 59 | 53 | 48 | 42 | 37 | 32 |
29 | 100 | 93 | 86 | 79 | 72 | 66 | 60 | 54 | 49 | 43 | 38 | 33 |
30 | 100 | 93 | 86 | 79 | 73 | 67 | 61 | 55 | 50 | 44 | 39 | 34 |
.3 0 ρ0
|
|
t, 0C | p 0, | ρ0, | t, 0C | p 0, | ρ0, |
-5 | 0,40 | 3,2 | 11 | 1,33 | 10,0 |
0 | 0,61 | 4,8 | 12 | 1,40 | 10,7 |
1 | 0,65 | 5,2 | 13 | 1,49 | 11,4 |
2 | 0,71 | 5,6 | 14 | 1,60 | 12,1 |
3 | 0,76 | 6,0 | 15 | 1,71 | 12,8 |
4 | 0,81 | 6,4 | 16 | 1,81 | 13,6 |
5 | 0,88 | 6,8 | 17 | 1,93 | 14,5 |
6 | 0,93 | 7,3 | 18 | 2,07 | 15,4 |
7 | 1,0 | 7,8 | 19 | 2,20 | 16,3 |
8 | 1,06 | 8,3 | 20 | 2,33 | 17,3 |
9 | 1,14 | 8,8 | 25 | 3,17 | 23,0 |
10 | 1,23 | 9,4 | 50 | 12,3 | 83,0 |
. |
. |
1 |
17 |
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: ; ;
:
: , , ( ), , ;
, .
− . , , . , .
, , , , , , . .
. . , . , , ( ) . ε1 ε2 , ..: (1).
|
|
, : ε≈ U.
, (1) : (2), k .
− , (U 2 > U 1).
N 2 N 1 , . . k < 1.
− , (U 1 ˃ U 2).
, . . k > 1.
, , , , . , , , . .
1. . ( 36 ) ( 2,2 4,4 ).
2. 36 .
3.
. |
. |
2 |
17 |
4. k (2): ___________= ______;
5. :
U 2 = ___________; ___________= ______;
6. 1:
1
U1, | U2, | ||
1 | 36 | ||
2 | 36 |
7. 4 .
8. : U 1 = ___________;
9. k (2): ___________= ______;
10. - 4 , .
11. : U 1 = ___________; ___________= ______;
12. 2:
2
U1, | U2, | ||
1 | 4 | ||
2 | 4 |
13. : , 1, 1, ΔU1 ΔU2 : __________.
.
: ______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. , ?
:
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1 |
18 |
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