3, 5 ( )
... ..
, " " " , 1913 .
. , , 39
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, ,
, , 1913 . [13] , XVIII XIX . XIX . [1, 10]. XIX XX . [8] , , , , . , , .
. 1856 . . 18581859 . .. , . 1869 . - . XX . .. [4, 5, 6, 10, 11].
1911 . . , .. , .. .. , 19121913 ., .. , , [10]. ( ) [3]. .
.. .. , (18771929), [6]. .. , (1874 1946), .. 1914 . [2], ( , ) .. , .. . .. , .. [10, 12]. - .
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- , , .. , .. . : .. ( 18691872 .), .. ( 18771908 .), .. ( 1917 .).
(18141899) , , . . . 18451866 . , . . (1860) -.
(18471909) , , . . . (1869). (18701876). . 1876 . .. 1904 . 18771908 . - . , , 18791893 . ..
(18651947) -, , , , . -. - - (1888). 750 , . 19161919 . . (1917). [9, . 217, 578, 594]
1918 . , 1919 . . 1918 . , 1919 . , () ( 1928 . ). 1920- . . . [4, 6, 10, 11].
(. . ) (18991951) , , , . . (1921), - (19181919). 1922 . . , . 1926 . . (, 1922), (., 1927), (., 1928), (., 1937) . .., , : , , . [9, . 412]
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1942 . , 1940- . . 1940- ., . .. , .. [12].
1950- . . , . [10]. , , .
2010- . - . .
: 1987 . .. [7], 2009 . .. [10].