3.3.1 , , , 2.72368 . : .
3.5 : ( 3.5, ), -- ( 3.5, ),
( 3.5, ), ( 3.5, ).
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3.5 ,
, ( 3.3.1)
3.3.2 2.75587 : ( 3.6, ), ( 3.6, ) ( 3.6, ). . , 3.6, , 3.6, , 3.6, .
, : ( 3.6, ), () ( 3.6, ).
ᠠ 堠 栠
3.6
( 3.3.2)
3.3.3 : ( 3.7, ); ( 3.7, ); ( 3.7, ), ( 3.7, ) ( 3.7, ); ( 3.7, ) ( 3.7, ) . 3.7, .
ࠠ ᠠ 㠠 䠠
栠
3.7
( 3.3.3)
3.3.4
2.72768 ( 3.8, ).
3.3.5 2.72874 ( 3.8, , ). ( 3.8, ). 3.8, , 3.8, .
|
|
ᠠ ⠠ 㠠 䠠
3.8
( 3.3.4, 3.3.5)
3.3.6 2.72844 ( 3.9, ) ( 3.9, ) . 3.9, , 3.9, .
3.9
( 3.3.6)
3.3.7
2.73073 ( 3.10, 3.11).
3.10 : ; ; , ; , ; n - p - n -; n - p - n -; n -.
ࠠ ᠠ ⠠
䠠 堠
3.10
( 3.3.7)
3.11 : ; ; ; n - p - n -; ; - ; .
ࠠ ᠠ ⠠
䠠
3.11
( 3.3.7)
3.3.8 2.742.68 ( 3.12, )
3.3.9 2.73268 ( 3.12, , )
3.12 , ( 3.3.8, 3.3.9)
3.4.1 2.74391 () , , .
3.4.2 ( ) , ; , . , 170212012, , 2697586.
, , , , , , . .
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3.4.3 . , ( 3.13). (, ), , . 10 , 5 ( ), 5 , ( ) 2,5 . 10 .
3.13
( 3.4.3)
3.4.4 , , , . , ( 3.14), . 90 , . . , 3.14.
3.14
( 3.4.4)
3.4.5 (. 3.13). , ,
( ). 3.2.
3.2
1 | BUF |
2 : | CP CPS CPU |
3 | P Q SUB |
4 | DIV |
5 | DM |
6 | DX |
7 | DC |
8 | DIC |
9 | DPY |
10 | PPI |
11 , | 1 |
12 | COMP |
13 | MPU |
14 | MD |
15 | MOD |
16 | M |
17 | MM |
18 | GM |
19 | FM |
20 first-in, first-out | FIFO |
21 (): () () () | ROM PROM RPROM UVPROM |
22 () : () () () | RAM SRAM DRAM NVRAM |
23 | CAM |
24 () | PLM |
3.2
25 1 X Y , : - 7- 2 : - | X / Y ∩ Λ, # D BIN DEC BCD OCT HEX GRAY 7 SEG TTL MOS ECL DAC ADC |
26 | RTX |
27 | P PS |
28 n - | RG SRGn |
29 | S SM |
30 : n - n | CTR CTRn CTRDIVn |
31 | T TT |
32 | p MPL |
33 | > w |
34 | DEV |
35 - | ALU |
36 | HPRI |
37 , | SW |
38 | BUS B |
3.2
|
|
39 | CD | |||
40 | DEL l l | |||
41 : Ȼ n n | ≥ n > = n EXOR =1 & 1 = n 2 k + 1 2 K + 1 2 k 2 K | |||
42 | 1 ¸ 1 & ¸ & | |||
43 , : |
| |||
44 : , | * * ST * STU * STI | |||
45 : (-) | * R * C * L * D * D " * D >, * D! * D < * T * TR 2.764 * FU * DR |
3.2
46 , : , G | G
! G
G! ! G! Gn GN G / GSIN | ||||||
47 , | TH |
( , ).
.
3.4.6 2.30481.
3.4.7 * , .
3.4.8 , :
47 * R 47.
3.15.
10 5
ll,
3.15
, :
10
Ll
, , , , .
|
|
:
ll 3 DEL 3,
.
3.4.9 , : RAM 16 K, 10 , + 5 .
3.4.10 () .
, , , , :
4- CTR 4 DC;
/ - 7- BCD /7 SEG >.
3.4.11 ( 3.3, .1) , ( 3.3, .2) ( 3.3, .3) , ( 3.3, .4).
3.3
1 , |
| |||
2 , () | ||||
3 , () | ||||
4 , , . |
| |||
* |
. . , - , , . , , (, ).
3.4.12 , () ,
.
, .
3.4.
3.4
1 | ADR A |
2 | BY |
3 : | LSB MSB |
4 : | INH H |
5 | ALI |
6 () | I |
7 | VEC |
8 | BR |
9 | REC |
10 , | |
11 | ? |
12 ( ) | n DOWN |
13 , 1 n . Pn 2, n . 2 Q | Pn |
3.4
14 ( ) 12, 14 n , | + n UP | |||
15 , , , LOG 1 | T | |||
16 : | > < = | |||
17 () | SEL SE | |||
18 : | CAS RAS | |||
19 , | CS | |||
20 () | 0 | |||
21 | < > 1 | |||
22 ( ) | NC | |||
23 () | 1 | |||
24 , , |
| |||
25 (, , ) | ¯ ¸, | |||
26 H - (, p - n - p -, n - p - n -, P -, N -) | 蠠, > | |||
27 L - (, n - p - n -, p - n - p -, P -, N -) | , < | |||
28 | s Z | |||
29 | I |
|
|
3.4
30 : | *>* *> *<* *< *=* *= | |||||||||||||||||||||||
31 | GEN | |||||||||||||||||||||||
32 * (. 13) | RDY | |||||||||||||||||||||||
33 , : | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
34 n m . n m | ì n n ü í ý î m m þ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
35 : , |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
36 : : | D DIN DOUT D " D >, D! D < D | |||||||||||||||||||||||
37 ( ) | Q | |||||||||||||||||||||||
38 | LD | |||||||||||||||||||||||
39 | DEL | |||||||||||||||||||||||
40 : , , | DD BI BO BG BP |
3.4
41 | BUSY |
42 ( ) | WR |
43 | REQ RQ |
44 | SRQ |
45 | SI |
46 | SIM |
47 () | N |
48 , | JNS |
49 | AK |
50 | CODE |
51 () | SW |
52 | END |
53 | CORR |
54 0 | LOGO LOG0 |
55 1 | LOG1 |
56 , | MK |
57 | MR |
58 | MPX |
59 | ODD |
60 | WAIT WT |
61 | OP |
62 | STOP |
63 | AN |
64 | REJ |
65 | CLR |
66 | ERR ER EW |
67 | TX |
68 : , , | CI CO CG CP |
69 | OF |
70 | ACK |
71 | PO |
72 : | INT INTA PCI |
73 | RX |
74 | PRI PR |
3.4 | |
75 | GO ON |
76 , | START ST, |
77 | RUN |
78 | EN |
79 , | CE |
80 | EN E s EZ |
81 | M MO |
82 | RZ |
83 : | SR RES R |
84 : ( ) ( ) n , . n = 1 | SH " n > n, SHRn n! n <, SHLn "/! < / > |
85 | SYNK SYN |
86 | SA |
87 | ML |
88 ( ) | STR ST |
89 : , , * | CT CT =* CT * |
90 () | RD |
91 | CL S |
92 | C |
93 | CC |
94 1 | SET S |
95 JK -: LOG 1 (J -) LOG 0 (K -) | J K |
96 | F |
97 | EVEN |
3.4.13 , , , 3.5.
3.5 ,
1 1 2 3 , , 4 , : | V CC
VCC
U
+5 V
2 VCL # VCC ∩ VCC | |||
2 , , 1 2 | GND OB # 0V ∩ 0V | |||
3 1 I 2 | I 420 2 I | |||
4 | CX | |||
5 | RX | |||
6 | LX | |||
7 | BQ | |||
8 : | S D G | |||
9 n - p - n - p - n - p -: n - p - n - p - n - p - | K B E E " E > E! E < |
3.4.14 , , , :
RDA;
DBY;
BYSEL.
, , , :
/ I / O;
/ WR / RD;
/ C / D.
1 : LOG 1, LOG 0.
2 , , .
3 , , A / B , LOG 1.
3.4.15
3.4.15.1 3.6.
3.4.15.2
3.7.
3.6
1 | |
2 3Ȗ | |
3 2Ȗ | |
4 3Ȗ | |
5 2Ȗ |
3.6
6 4Ȗ | |
7 2Ȗ | |
8 | |
9 |
3.7
1 |
| ||
2 8- |
|
3.7
3 6- |
3.4.15.3
3.8.
3.8
1 | |
2 4 |
3.4.15.4 () () 3.9.
3.9
1 -- | |
2 |
3.9
3 - | ||||
4 7- : A, B, C, D, E, F, G , b, c, d, e, f, g | ||||
5 ( ) (GS ) | ||||
6 , 2- , |
| |||
7 | ||||
8 7, 8 */* *//*, |
3.4.15.5 , 3.10.
3.10 ,
1 EN STR | |||
2 | |||
3 4- | |||
4 2- 3, 4 (, . .), (1, 2 . .), : SEL SE |
| ||
5 |
3.4.15.6
3.11.
3.11
1 | |
2 4- - | |
3 | |
4 4- |
3.11 | |
5 | |
6 4- |
3.4.15.7 ( ) 3.12.
3.12
1 RS -, | |||
2 D - | |||
3 D - |
| ||
4 D -, |
3.12
5 JK -, | |||
6 JK - - | |||
7 JK - |
|
3.4.15.8 () 3.13.
3.13
1 | |
2 , , (LOG , OSC , FC ) |
3.4.15.9 3.14.
3.14
1 4- |
| ||
2 4- - ( / : ; P / S , ) |
| ||
3 4- - |
| ||
4 8- |
|
3.14
5 8- |
| ||
6 8- (A / S , ; ALD ) |
| ||
7 8- |
| ||
8 14- |
3.1 4
9 , 2 5, | |||
10 4- , 2 5, | |||
11 |
| ||
12 |
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3.4.15.10 ()
3.15.
3.15
1 32 8 | ||
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: 2018-10-14; !; : 462 |
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